One of the best pieces of advice I received while job-hunting was to focus on networking rather than on asking for employment.The purpose of networking is to build relationships so that you can find out about some of the thousands of jobs that are created and filled without ever being posted. These opportunities aren’t advertised because the right person for the job came along at the right time, and the hiring manager seized the opportunity to avoid having to go through the hassle of conducting what is sometimes a long and costly recruitment process.

Here’s one example: My husband, who is in the food industry, just hired a new graduate from Ohio State, who a few months ago called him to learn about the company and to get a plant tour. When a job opportunity came up, my husband immediately thought of that student, who had shown interest in the company.

The first rule of thumb in networking is that it’s NOT about asking for a job. Networking is about asking for guidance, information and advice. This approach will make it much easier to have access to people who might shy away if they knew you just wanted a job. You can mention that you are preparing to graduate — or have recently graduated, if that’s the case — and that you are exploring the industry and any available opportunities.

It is never too early to start building your own network of opportunities.

You may be thinking, “Where should I start? I don’t really know many people here and those I do know are in the same position than I am!” But be assured that you already know a good number of people to help you start building a network. Make a list that includes friends, family, professors and professionals you’ve met through class assignments, alumni associations, campus organizations, former teachers, classmates and nonprofit organizations that you have worked with.

This is a great start. Remember that not all your contacts may be in a position to help you, but they may very well know somebody who is. In addition, there are a number of online professional networks that also may be helpful. You may want to call the contacts that you are more familiar with and then send a letter to the people that they refer you to. Request advice — please review my resume and provide feedback — or, even better, request a 15- to 30-minute meeting.

Even though a networking meeting is not an interview, make sure you are ready to make an impression and that it’s a good one. Dress up as if you were going to an interview and be prepared. When you start a networking conversation, make sure your goals are clear. Establish a positive climate and build rapport. You may want to mention the mutual contact that referred you.

Make your expectations clear. For example, say: “I am not asking you for a job, but for sound career advice and guidance in my job search.” Provide a concise picture of your experience, a brief background summary and your career objectives. Ask relevant questions about the industry and its players, such as: “What are the main challenges affecting this industry/career field/company?; What are these employers looking for?; What is the best way to position my strengths and what are some skills that I need to leverage?”

Also, ask the person to give you two more names of people who could provide further advice. Most importantly, ask the person to keep you in mind in case they learn about suitable opportunities. Leave your resume with them. Finally, send a thank you note to your contacts and keep in touch with them. Even though they may not be in a position to lead you to a job at this time, they may be able to do so in the future.